Ppt interaction of radiation with matter ii powerpoint. These radiations transfer their energy to matter as they pass through it. Home lunar and planetary laboratory the university of. The type of radiation, which dictates how far it can penetrate into matter. Aug 06, 2015 the truth about mobile phone and wireless radiation dr devra davis duration. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter energy can occur in different forms e g chemical, electrical and thermal energy.
Its usefulness must be balanced with its hazards, a compromise that has shifted over time. Lectrons interaction with matter the following picture represents an electron beam, speeded up with a 20kv tension, interacting through a metallic material. Neutrinos are electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary particles, which have very low cross sections for any interaction with matter and therefore low probabilities for colliding in matter. Clearly progressing from an elementary level to the state of the art, the text explores the classical physics of track description as well as modern aspects based on condensed matter physics. Ionizing radiation has many industrial, military, and medical uses. Various aspects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter have been. Interaction of radiation with matter physical and chemical aspects ionizing radiations are either electromagnetic or particulate in nature. The densitythickness is the same in each case, so the three slabs will. Indirectly ionizing radiation most probable velocity of free 0 n1 in various substances at room temperature. Which two interactions between x radiation and matter may result in. Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter npre 435, radiological imaging, fall 2016 radiation interactions reading material. The diameter of the probe is only a few nanometers long, but the beam widens in the material because of the impacts. The first case of human injury was reported in the literature just a few months following. Interaction of radiation with matter radiation is detected by its interaction in matter.
Caused by both absorption and scattering of primary photons. These interaction processes depend on both the type and the energy. They are considered as ionizing radiation whose scattering by electrons and nuclei leads to the creation of a radiation field containing negative electrons and positive ions. Production of bremsstrahlung the german word for braking radiation involves release of electromagnetic radiation in the form of xrays by the deceleration that a fastmoving, charged particle undergoes when attracted to or repelled by another charged particle. Inelastic process in which the charged particle cause an excitation of the nucleus. Its mass number a is a 39 b 50 c 11 d 89 e none of the above 2. The mechanisms of interaction for ionizing radiation in the form of xrays and gammarays include the photoelectric effect, compton scattering and at high enough energies, electron positron pair production although the precise ionization energy differs with the atom or molecule involved, a general statement is any radiation with quantum energy above a few electron volts is considered to be. Pdf main ionizing radiation types and their interaction. Scientists receive patents for a food preservative process that uses ionizing radiation to kill bacteria in food.
Assignments introduction to nuclear engineering and. Physics of nuclear medicine atomic structure, radioactive decay, interaction of ionizing radiation with matter 1. The masses of all the samples are the same but the densities are different. Aug 28, 2011 in passing through matter, the intensity of the radiation is reduced attenuation, both because some radiation energy is taken up by material absorption and some is deflected from its original path to travel in a new direction scattering. Gamma rays interaction with matter is important from the perspective of shielding against their effect on biological matter. Counting activity, background, and efficiency zip this zip file contains. The interaction of ionizing radiation with matter radiation dosimetry i text. Interaction of radiation with matter crc press book. Interaction of radiation with matter mit opencourseware. Strictly speaking, radiation is never directly measured, rather it can only be detected via its interaction with matter. Interaction of radiation with matter focuses on the physics of the interactions of ionizing radiation in living matter and the monte carlo simulation of radiation tracks.
Photon interactions with matter pdf list of nuclear activation analysis naa elements xls problem set 5 solutions pdf problem set 6. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Interaction between ionizing radiation and matter, part 2. Interactions of photons with matter interactions of with matter.
The quantitative study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter can be done using a simple semiclassical model. Pdf chapter four interaction of radiation with matter. Interaction of radiation with matter ii 1 interaction of radiation with matter ii 2 attenuation of x and gamma rays. A sample of such calculations has been plotted in figure e. Here it is assumed that any dose, no matter how small, involves some degree of response. For example, in air, radiation must expend an average energy of 33. When the charged particle travels through matter, it makes an energy dependent number of ionization length. Introduction to radiological physics and radiation. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged particles with matter, radiotherapy dosimetry, as well as photographic, calorimetric. Interaction with matter of ionizing radiation and radiation. Chapter 2 atoms and radiation 3 structure of matter 3 radioactivity and radiation 4 types of radiation 7 chapter 3 radiation and matter 9 ionization in tissue 10 dose quantities 11 chapter 4 sources of ionizing radiation chapter 5 radiation effects 15 induction of cancers 16 risk assessments 16 risk factors for cancers 17. Interaction of radiation with matter different types of radiation interact with matter in widely different ways. There is some evidence that the carcinogenic effects of radiation constitute a nonthreshold phenomenon, so one of the underlying.
Molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation in the ir. Interaction between the molecule and radiation is only possible if the electric dipole moment of the molecule changes with time. This provides the appropriate time for the analysis of the radical. Ionizing radiation is made up of energetic subatomic particles, ions or atoms moving at high speeds usually greater than 1% of the speed of light, and electromagnetic waves on. Explain what bremsstrahlung are and what causes their formation.
Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter quiz. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter slideshare. Sources of ionizing radiation atomic structure and. This absorption and scattering is called attenuation. The two most important general types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay are charged particles, such as. Pdf on mar 19, 20, boris i kharisov and others published main ionizing radiation. Understanding of these processes, coupled with detailed knowledge of atomic structure, provides much of the foundation for. Payment link credit cardspaypal interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. These interactions are characteristic for each of charged particles, neutrons, neutrinos, x rays, and. The initial step in the energy transfer involves the ejection of electrons from the atoms of the absorbing medium.
The design of all nuclear reactors and other nuclear systems depends fundamentally on the way in which radiation interacts with matter. The type of interaction depends on the wavelength and on the interaction duration. Free radicals formed by highenergy radiation in solids can then be. A large number of specific interaction processes exists. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview and try to show how the different interaction probabilities will influence the transport of ionizing radiation through matter. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter bremsstrahlung 1. Free radicals formed by highenergy radiation in solids can then be identified by analysis of their epr spectra. Clearly progressing from an elementary level to the state of the art, the text explores the classical physics of track description as well as modern aspects based on condensed matter physi. Review article interaction of ionizing radiation with. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter request pdf. A straightforward presentation of the broad concepts underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduatelevel student. Non ionizing radiation, such as visible light, is not harmful. Interaction between penetrating radiation and matter.
The effects of ionizing radiation depend on four factors. Interaction of radiation with matter stefano meroli cern. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter type ofradiation chargedparticles photonen neutronen uncharged particles chargedparticles electrons b neg. The mechanisms of interaction for ionizing radiation in the form of xrays and gammarays include the photoelectric effect, compton scattering and at high enough energies, electron positron pair production.
Dec 01, 2012 9781439853573 interaction of radiation with matter. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter tutorial. Xrays and gamma rays, the two forms of electromagnetic radiation, are similar in their properties, but differ in their modes of production. Attenuation is the removal of photons from a beam of x or gamma rays as it passes through matter. Ionizing radiation ionising radiation is radiation, traveling as a particle or electromagnetic wave, that carries sufficient energy to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing an atom or a molecule. An atomic nucleus contains 39 protons and 50 neutrons. The different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have very different effects upon interaction with matter. The radioactive atom all matter is composed of atoms. The absorption of laser radiation in tissue, especially in ocular tissue, is strongly wavelength dependent. When xrays or gamma rays are directed into an object, some of the photons interact with the particles of the matter and their energy can be absorbed or scattered. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter springerlink. Interaction between penetrating radiation and matter when xrays or gamma rays are directed into an object, some of the photons interact with the particles of the matter and their energy can be absorbed or scattered. Introduction the fact that ionizing radiation produces biological damage has been known for many years. For example, at one time, assistants in shoe shops used xrays to check a childs shoe size, but this practice was halted when the risks of ionizing radiation were better understood.
The truth about mobile phone and wireless radiation dr devra davis duration. Start studying chapter 3 interaction of x radiation with matter. Coulomb scattering of charged particles in collisions with nuclei in whole atoms also. Only ionizing radiation is discussed in this course. In the case of relatively lowenergy beams, this assumption is a good approximation. Most of the ionization produced by x and gamma radiation is not a result of direct photon interactions, but rather of interactions of the energetic electrons with the material. We want to describe the interaction of radiation with matter as a scattering process. Interaction of radiation with matter nuclear power. Interaction of matter with ionizing radiation, that is, highenergy electromagnetic radiation x or gamma rays or. Other photons travel completely through the object without interacting.
Interaction with matter of ionizing radiation and radiation damages. Lasertissue interaction generally, laser radiation affects that kind of tissue, which absorbs the radiation. Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter npre 435, radiological imaging, fall 2019 radiation interactions reading material. By collision with electrons, the incident particle ionizes matter the mean energy to remove an electron is called the wfactor. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter rambabu. Outline the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. The coulomb interaction is longranged so the slowing down of the charged particles is most effective and is a continuous process. Physics of radiation oncology lecture 5 2011 youtube. Clearly progressing from an elementary level to the state of the art, the text explores the classical physics of track descriptio.
Interaction between ionizing radiation and matter, part 2 chargedparticles audun sanderud. In this model the electromagnetic radiation is treated classically, while the energy levels are obtainedbysolvingthetimedependentschrodingerequation. Chapter 2 in radiation detection and measurements, third edition, g. The number of particles or photons that strike a given area per unit time. Starting with low frequency radio waves, the human body is quite transparent. You may click on any of the types of radiation for more detail about its particular type of interaction with matter. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Pdf main ionizing radiation types and their interaction with matter. In passing through matter, the intensity of the radiation is reduced attenuation, both because some radiation energy is taken up by material absorption and some is deflected from its original path to travel in a new direction scattering. A large, massive, charged alpha particle cannot penetrate a piece of paper and even. Basic interactions of radiation with matter photon interactions. Sc radiation physics kidwai memorial institute of oncology 2.
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